kyoto protocol history
In 1992, the United Nations have a meeting called "The Earth Climb of Rio the Janeiro", where were established the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) where to determinate the importance of climate change and the actions that should be necesarry to take works took place.
In December 11th of 1997, in the city of Kyoto, Japan, in one of the meetings of the UNFCCC, the industrialized countries get compromised to mitigate 5.2% of the global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions registred in 1990 for the period of 2008 to 2012. The signatures of the industrialized countries in these commitment was called Kyoto Protocol.
definition and objetive
The Kyoto Protocol is defined as an international legal instrument developed with the purpose of reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The objective of the Kyoto Protocol is that the developed countries and the countries is transition process to a market economy, denominated Annex 1, asume the commitment of reductions between 2008 and 2012 of, al least, 5% over the anthropogenic emissions of the six GHGs* that has been measured in 1990.
The Kyoto Protocol will be official 90 days since the ratification of at least 55% of the countries responsibles of GHG emissions. Countries like United States and Australia refused to ratificated the Protocol and the signatures necessary to reach the quantity of countries was in November 18th of 2004 when Russia signed and the Kyoto Protocol began officially in Febrary 16th of 2005.
The UNFCCC establish two mechanisms to control and mitigate GHG emissions that cause the climate change for the Annex 1 countries. For the developing countries that signed the compromise of contribute the mitigation of GHG emissions, called Non Annex 1, the UNFCCC establish only one mechanism and the mitigation or reductions is not mandatory for these countries.
The Annex 1 countries, individually or collective, with the GHG emissions reductions commitment, in the case of not achieve their compromises, will earn a ecnonomic sanction, valued in euros, for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalence (tCO2e).
*The gases that produce the greenhpuse effect are the carbon dioxide (CO2)m methane (CH4) and nitrate oxid (N2O), also the industrial fluorutated gases: hydrofluorocarbonates (HFCs), perfluorocarbonates (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluorure (SF6). Not all the greenhouse gases are anthropogenic, because there are other natural gases that, in jointure, are responsible of the global warming in the planet and the climate change.
